A form of protection separating cycling (or walking) from motor traffic, that involves separating these modes in time.
The Ranty Highwayman definition describes temporal protection as
A "catch-all" term to describe how time can be used to protect people walking or cycling. For example, signalised crossings are an example of temporal protection in that time within a junction or on the road is provided within which people should be able to cross in safety (I say should as people still pass through red signals). Temporal protection can include elements of traffic signals, zebra crossings, streets restricted by times of day. Good temporal protection is generally required where people need to negotiate traffic at the same level - i.e. at "grade"